In his 21 years of running kindergartens, Yu Bo has never had this much trouble filling places.
Previously, he did not even need to advertise. Parents crowded his office asking if they could pay a year in advance to reserve a spot. Sometimes women even came to him while pregnant.
At their business peak, he and his wife owned 11 kindergartens in Jining, in east China’s Shandong province, employed nearly 400 teachers and had more than 2,000 children on their books.
But starting in 2022, Yu noticed that the number of students started dropping.
The business had already struggled through the coronavirus outbreak as children remained at home, but even when restrictions were relaxed in 2022, the signups were not enough to fill all the classrooms. In one kindergarten, Yu only recruited one-third of previous years’ numbers.
“I’ve done some calculations. If I have fewer than 120 children in one kindergarten, that means I lose money,” he said.
The drop in enrolments at Yu’s kindergartens mirrors a broader national demographic crisis. According to official numbers, China’s population shrank in 2022 for the first time in 60 years, with the country recording 9.56 million births and 10.41 million deaths. In 2023, the population fell for the second consecutive year by 2.08 million, with a record low birth rate of 6.39 births per 1,000 people, down from a rate of 6.77 in 2022.
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