The secret to the best turkey came from a reader

By Eric Kim, The New York Times

The stately, russet Norman Rockwell Thanksgiving turkey has one major flaw: It’s too big to taste any good.

There’s just no easy way to cook the dark meat of a bird that gargantuan without drying out the white meat. (That’s why many professional chefs spatchcock, deep-fry or, for more control, roast the bird in pieces.) Maybe it’s time to stop striving for that decades-old ideal. After all, Thanksgiving should be whatever you want it to be.

My challenge this year was a familiar one — as timeless as that Rockwell bird — but the solution (aside from starting with a smaller bird) had the potential to feel new, even exciting. How do you make something ordinarily boring and dry, for so many, taste suddenly juicy?

On a hot July day in the New York Times Cooking studio kitchen, my colleagues and I set out to find out, testing three different turkey techniques: salting simply (the control), wet brining (in a saltwater solution) and dry brining (salting a few days ahead). Then, we tasted eight breast portions, each prepared according to reader suggestions, to arrive at an effortlessly tender bird with immense flavor and unabashed wow factor.

What emerged was this deeply savory, chile-imbued bird roasted over a bed of fresh peppers. But in my research, I also uncovered a newfound respect for the beauty of a perfectly roasted bird, carved and laid out on a table with all its lush, savory trimmings. That such a bounty could come from one offering — a distinctly American game bird — is a gift. You might as well put your all into it. Here’s how:

1. Dry-brine the bird, then relax.

In 2006, Russ Parsons of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the best way to roast a turkey whole was to first dry-brine it, which is just a fancy way of saying it should be salted in advance — ideally two or three days before cooking.

This gives the salt time to draw out the bird’s moisture, which then dissolves the salt on the skin’s surface and gets pulled back into the meat through a process called diffusion.

When such a bird is roasted, its muscle fibers are better able to hold onto moisture, meaning the cooked turkey will be beyond juicy and well seasoned, with an aged, concentrated flavor and a tempered gaminess.

After all my tests, I am beyond confident that the longer you salt your bird (up to three days maximum), the juicier the meat, the crisper the skin, the more perfect the turkey. I noticed a huge difference between a three-day dry-brined turkey and a two-day dry-brined turkey. But similarly, there’s a notable contrast between a turkey that’s been salted, then immediately roasted, and one salted just a day in advance. (The longer-brined bird tastes way better.)

2. Make the spice rub (and relish its scent).

The story of this turkey begins in 1990s Bahrain, where a young Niya Bajaj read about Thanksgiving at school — and persuaded her parents to cook an all-American feast (with local and imported ingredients cobbled together from the grocery store).

Since then, Bajaj, a 38-year-old holistic yoga therapist who lives in Toronto, has roasted many turkeys rubbed with a spice mixture of dried red chiles and mint, black peppercorns and cumin seeds, inspired by her family’s South Asian pantry. In the head-to-head taste tests of reader submissions in July, her flavorings were the clear winner. No competition.

This recipe calls for dried bird’s-eye chiles, known particularly among Thai cooks who use them for their umami-accentuated pepperiness and, more important, their fruitiness. A subtle sweetness lingers with the heat, as well. But any small, potent dried pepper, such as chiles de árbol, Kashmiri chiles or even red-pepper flakes, would also work.

As you toast the dried chiles and spices in a pan, be sure to breathe it all in (the smell alone is worth this extra step). Then, blitz everything to a nubbly, multicolored rubble and generously slather the turkey with it.

3. Roast the bird over peppers. Get a zero-effort side dish.

Roasting the turkey over a mix of fresh peppers not only fortifies the dried chiles in the rub, it also produces a no-muss, no-fuss side dish and irresistibly fragrant pan juices, dynamite in a gravy.

Use whatever fresh peppers you can find and like to eat, such as Cubanelles, shishitos, poblanos, bells and jalapeños. Just be sure to warn your guests before they dive into the plate of turkey fat-confited chiles. Some blaze.

4. Carve the bird on your terms.

Don’t be a hero on Thanksgiving, attempting to publicly slice a hot bird after the mental, physical and culinary gymnastics of getting the whole dinner on the table. Instead, carve it in the shadows of your kitchen (and cover up any mistakes with fresh mint leaves, which taste cooling against the warmly spiced meat).

Or, roast the turkey to perfection well before your guests arrive, letting it rest for an hour for easier carving and juicier meat. After carving it, transfer the pieces to an oven-safe dish or platter. Ladle some of the pan drippings over the meat, cover and set aside at room temperature for up to two hours or in the refrigerator for up to 12 hours. When you’re ready to serve, reheat the pan in a low oven until warm, and look forward to some of the softest white meat you’ve ever had.

5. If you have 10 more minutes to spare, make a gravy.

Most turkey gravies exist to compensate for the meat’s dryness, but this one serves to extend this bird’s pepper-imbued flavor. Turns out, that bed of vegetables results in the most flavorful fat, which just needs a little flour and stock to become a stellar gravy.

Bonus tip: Enjoy the moment.

Each time I cooked through this recipe, calibrating the measurements and temperatures and techniques, I’d come to the end with a big sigh. Not just because I was getting ever closer to a delicious recipe, but because a whole turkey was a good reason to gather with friends, to eat and talk until the candle that lit our meal burned down to its holder.

Recipe: Dry-Brined Thanksgiving Turkey With Chiles

By Eric Kim

It’s time for Thanksgiving turkey to take center stage again with this hot, blazing sun of a bird, leaning as it does on the savory, sweet and hot complexity of peppers. North and South America’s delicious native crop is used in both fresh and dried forms here. Inspired by a recipe from Niya Bajaj, a home cook who shared her turkey formula through Instagram, this dish takes full advantage of the different peppers’ flavor and heat, and celebrates its journey across the world. Turkey this assertively spiced — with coolness from mint, savoriness from cumin and fire from chiles — tastes excellent with mashed potatoes, stuffing, green bean casserole and macaroni and cheese. Using a mix of chiles results in the most explosive taste, but be sure to warn your guests before they dive into the plate of turkey fat-confited peppers. Some might be blazing.

Yield: 8 to 12 servings

Total time: 2 hours 35 minutes, plus 2 days’ brining

Ingredients

• 1 (10- to 14-pound) turkey, thawed if frozen and giblets and neck removed (see Tips)
• Coarse kosher salt (such as Morton; see Tips)
• 1 tablespoon black peppercorns
• 1 tablespoon cumin or fennel seeds
• 1 heaping tablespoon dried bird’s-eye chiles (or other small hot chiles; see Tips)
• 2 heaping tablespoons dried mint
• 2 teaspoons red chile powder, such as gochugaru, Aleppo pepper or ground chipotle chiles
• 2 pounds mixed fresh peppers, such as Cubanelles, shishitos, poblanos, bells and jalapeños
• 1 large white onion, cut into 8 wedges
• 1 bunch fresh mint sprigs, for stuffing and serving (optional)
• 4 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted and cooled
• 1/4 cup olive oil, for drizzling

Preparation

1. Two to three days before you plan to roast the turkey, dry-brine it. (It’s OK if the bird is still a little frozen.) Account for a scant 1/2 teaspoon salt per pound of turkey (5 to 7 teaspoons total). Pat the turkey dry, then sprinkle the salt all over, including the cavity, concentrating on the center of the breast and the thighs, where the meat is the thickest. Transfer the salted turkey to a jumbo resealable plastic bag or wrap in plastic wrap. Place the turkey on a sheet pan and refrigerate for 24 to 72 hours. (The longer, the better.)

2. The night before roasting, make the spice rub: In a skillet over medium heat, toast the black peppercorns, cumin seeds and bird’s-eye chiles until fragrant, 1 to 2 minutes. Remove from the heat and cool slightly. Transfer to a mortar and pestle, spice grinder or high-speed blender and blitz until coarsely ground. Transfer to a small bowl and add the dried mint, red chile powder and 3/4 teaspoon salt. Mix to combine.

3. Drain any accumulated liquid from the turkey, then pat it very dry. Sprinkle and pat the spice rub all over the turkey and inside the cavity. (If the spice rub won’t stick to some spots, lightly oil the skin first.) Refrigerate the bird (still on its sheet pan), breast-side up and uncovered so the skin can dry out, for 8 to 24 hours.

4. On Thanksgiving Day, take the turkey out of the refrigerator 1 hour before roasting. Set an oven rack in the lowest position and heat to 425 degrees. Transfer the turkey to a roasting pan. Scatter the peppers and onion around the bird and stuff the turkey’s cavity with a few mint sprigs, if using. Tie the legs together with kitchen twine and tuck in the wing tips. Dab the melted butter all over the skin with a silicone brush (or spoon it over), then drizzle the vegetables and turkey with the olive oil.

5. Roast the turkey for 30 minutes, then reduce the heat to 325 degrees and continue roasting, rotating the pan a few times for even browning and basting with the accumulated fat in the pan, until the thickest part of the thigh reaches 165 degrees on an instant-read thermometer, 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 more hours. Check the temperature early and often; some turkeys, especially dry-brined birds, roast faster. Account for about 12 minutes total roasting time per pound (2 to 3 hours total).

6. Let the turkey rest until cool enough to carve, at least 20 minutes and up to 1 hour. Garnish with any remaining mint sprigs if using and serve alongside the roasted peppers and onions. (To make this turkey ahead of time, see Tips.)

Tips

Salt: If using Diamond Crystal kosher salt, account for 3/4 teaspoon salt per pound of turkey. Note that there are 3 teaspoons in a tablespoon.

Chiles: Dried bird’s-eye chiles have discernible heat but powerhouse flavors, as well. They’re easy to find in Asian supermarkets and online. Other dried chiles work here, like brick-red chiles de árbol or Kashmiri chiles, which you can find in Mexican and Indian grocery stores, respectively.