How intense workouts & lifestyle choices trigger heart attacks among youth – Firstpost

As cases of heart attacks among young gym-goers surge in India, concerns are rising about the factors contributing to this alarming trend. The root causes of this disturbing phenomenon are multifaceted, involving a combination of intense exercise regimens, underlying medical conditions, and detrimental lifestyle choices such as a poor diet and chronic stress.

With an increasing number of youth succumbing to heart attacks, understanding the risks and preventive measures has become critical. We spoke with Dr Vivudh Pratap Singh, a senior consultant in interventional cardiology at Fortis Escorts Heart Institute in New Delhi to shed light on these issues.

What are the key factors contributing to the rise in heart attacks among gym-goers in India?

Dr. Singh: There are several factors, including intense workouts without proper conditioning, undiagnosed pre-existing conditions, and lifestyle choices. In India, this problem may be more prevalent due to poor lifestyle habits, high-stress levels, and limited awareness of preventive healthcare. Steroid use to enhance performance also plays a significant role. Compared to other countries, we may have a higher incidence of heart issues among the youth due to these disparities.

What are the risk factors for heart attacks during exercise, especially in young individuals?

Dr. Singh: Several risk factors heighten the chances of a heart attack during exercise, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, a history of smoking, and a family history of heart disease. These conditions increase strain on the heart, especially when subjected to intense physical activity.

Is over-exercising a significant risk factor for heart problems, especially for those over 45?

Dr. Singh: Yes, over-exercising without proper rest can indeed strain the heart, particularly as we age. Those over 45 need to be cautious about overtraining as it can lead to extreme fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, and irregular heartbeats. These are clear signs that the body is under too much stress.

What are the warning signs of potential heart problems during a workout?

Dr. Singh: Warning signs include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, and palpitations. These should never be ignored, especially during or after exercise. If any of these symptoms occur, it’s important to stop exercising immediately and seek medical attention.

How do underlying heart conditions contribute to sudden heart incidents during exercise? Should high-risk individuals undergo screenings before hitting the gym?

Dr. Singh: Undiagnosed heart conditions like arrhythmias or coronary artery disease can significantly increase the risk of sudden heart incidents during physical exertion. High-risk individuals, especially those with a family history or other predisposing factors, should undergo pre-exercise screenings such as ECGs or stress tests to assess their heart health before starting any intense workout regime.

What role do lifestyle choices like diet, sleep, and stress play in the risk of heart attacks?

Dr. Singh: Lifestyle choices are a major contributing factor. Poor diet, inadequate sleep, and high-stress levels can all lead to hypertension, high cholesterol, and inflammation, increasing the risk of heart attacks. It’s essential to adopt a healthy lifestyle to mitigate these risks, especially if you are engaging in intense physical activity.

Can technology like heart rate monitors and fitness trackers help prevent heart incidents during exercise?

Dr. Singh: Absolutely. These devices track heart rate, stress levels, and recovery time, which can help gym-goers monitor their heart health. They can also detect irregularities early on, allowing users to take preventive action before a serious issue arises.

How important are nutrition and hydration in preventing heart attacks during exercise?

Dr. Singh: Proper nutrition and hydration are crucial. They ensure electrolyte balance, prevent dehydration, and reduce strain on the heart. Without adequate nutrition and fluid intake, intense workouts can lead to imbalances that can exacerbate heart issues.

How do stress and mental health contribute to the risk of heart attacks during physical activity?

Dr. Singh: Stress and poor mental health can elevate cortisol and adrenaline levels, putting extra strain on the heart. During exercise, these hormones increase the heart rate and blood pressure, making it more vulnerable to strain. Managing stress through mindfulness practices, adequate rest, and relaxation techniques is essential for heart health.