In Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame, Tsui Hark mixes martial arts and Sherlock Holmes-style sleuthing

Although there were long gaps between the releases, and they varied slightly in style and presentation, the series kept its special flavour and all the movies provided top-notch entertainment.

Detective Dee was an actual person – his real name was Di Renjie – and Tsui has said that he enjoyed figuring out ways to apply his vivid imagination to depicting the historical characters that populate the story.

“These are real people in history, presented in an over-the-top way,” Tsui said in an interview. “That always interests me – the combination of the realism and the surrealism in fantastic stories.”

In the films, Dee is an imperial commissioner with Sherlock Holmes-like sleuthing abilities who is called in to solve difficult cases that threaten the well-being of the imperial court.

But the real Di Renjie was much different, being a judge and a politician rather than a detective. Moreover, although Di was certainly a skilled political infighter, he was not a martial arts master like Tsui’s combative hero.

(From left) Director Tsui Hark, Andy Lau and Li Bingbing on the set of Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame.

Di Renjie rose to fame in the late 600s, during the last years of the Tang dynasty and in the short-lived Zhou dynasty. He was considered to be an honourable man, and won a reputation for fairness as the secretary general at the Supreme Court under Emperor Gaozong.

Di moved further into the limelight when Empress Regent Wu Zetian established the Wu dynasty in 690 AD. Di became Wu’s chancellor and one of her closest advisers, even though he did not agree with her ruthless methods for maintaining power via her “secret police”.

Tsui was not the first to turn Di into a detective – the Chinese novel Wu Zetian’s Four Great Cases, published in 1890, had already portrayed Di as a sleuth. The novel was translated into English in 1949 by the Dutch diplomat, scholar and orientalist Robert van Gulik, who had once been stationed in China.
Andy Lau as Di Renjie in a still from Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame.

Van Gulik’s self-published translation sold out, and the writer – who had kept the courtly Chinese characteristics of the original intact in his translation – went on to publish a series of increasingly salacious detective novels featuring “Judge Dee”.

Intriguingly, all of Van Gulik’s novels were translated into Chinese in China during the 1980s under the title Di Renjie Solves Cases at the Court of the Great Tang.

The detective theme provided the inspiration for numerous television series, such as the 1986 mainland Chinese production The Legend of the Detective Di Renjie, and ultimately Tsui’s film versions.

Tsui believed his rendition of Detective Dee as a martial artist did not stretch credulity too far, as a mere detective would not have been qualified to become an imperial bodyguard.

“Being able to fight a good fight is crucial to our representation of the man,” he told Clarence Tsui in an interview with the Post.

Likewise Dee’s predilection for sleuthing. “A lot of documentation and portrayals have focused on Dee’s time as a supreme court judge, but we thought he might have roamed the country cracking cases on the ground as well,” he said. “To us, he’s like a CID officer looking for clues at crime scenes.”

Tsui Hark at an interview with the Post in 2010. Photo: SCMP

It is not unusual to play games with Dee’s historical character. “After reading a lot of different stories about him, we see how authors of different eras projected their own ideals and world views on to the man,” Tsui told the Post.

The story of Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame was concocted by Tsui and his producer Chen Kuo-fu. Although it retains the anything-goes quality of Tsui’s 1990s work, the focus on crime-solving means that the plot elements do add up to a satisfying conclusion.

In the film, Wu Zetian (played by Carina Lau Ka-ling) has successfully cleared the way for herself to become empress and a huge Buddhist statue is being built to honour her accession. But then her courtiers start bursting into flames. Is it a palace plot to stop her coronation? Detective Dee (Andy Lau Tak-wah) is called in to investigate.

Many wondered why Tsui had suddenly decided to return to the fantasy wuxia genre, which he had shied away from in the 2000s with the exception of his lacklustre Zu Warriors remake. (Seven Swords, made in 2005, was a battle epic rather than a fantasy.)

Carina Lau as Wu Zetian in a still from Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame.

Tsui countered that Detective Dee was a pet project that he had been working on since 2000. The director had discovered that Chen was also working on a script about Detective Dee, and the two had pooled their ideas over the years.

Even though it used special effects – which were very slick for a mainland/Hong Kong co-production at that time – Tsui gave the earlier scenes an analogue feel reminiscent of the physical effects in much earlier productions like Swordsman II.
Likewise, the action scenes use the “constructive editing” – lots of quick shots cut together to give the impression of one continuous sequence – that made the martial arts in his Once Upon a Time in China classic so exciting to watch.
Tsui brought Sammo Hung Kam-bo on board to choreograph the action, and Hung told Tsui he wanted to do something different. Hung is known for keeping the fight sequences relatively down to earth, but here he channels his high-flying contemporaries Yuen Woo-ping and Ching Siu-tung.
Sammo Hung on the set of Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame.

Hung masterfully combined wirework and SFX, and the resulting martial arts scenes are fluid, graceful and fascinating to watch.

In this regular feature series on the best of Hong Kong cinema, we examine the legacy of classic films, re-evaluate the careers of its greatest stars, and revisit some of the lesser-known aspects of the beloved industry.

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